lHeim_B

Tau19C phosphorylation.

AI Overview (Google's Gemini, March 26, 2026)

Yes, multiple phosphate (PO4) molecules can bind within the same functional regions or "pockets" of the tau protein, particularly in cases of hyperphosphorylation associated with Alzheimer’s disease.

Clustered Phosphorylation Sites: Tau is an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) with about 85 potential phosphorylation sites. These sites are heavily clustered in the proline-rich region (residues 172-251) and the C-terminal tail (residues 368-441), which flank the microtubule-binding repeats. This high density means multiple phosphate groups often populate these regions simultaneously.
Binding Pocket Overlap: In the pathological, "hyperphosphorylated" state, the balance of kinases and phosphatases is disrupted, leading to the accumulation of many phosphate groups on a single tau molecule.
Specific Examples: Research shows that in Alzheimer’s diseased brains, hyperphosphorylated tau often has 5–9 phosphorylation sites modified, compared to only 2–3 in healthy adults.
Effect of Multiple Phosphates: The binding of multiple phosphates acts cumulatively. As more phosphate groups bind to tau, they remove the positive charge of the microtubule-binding region (MTBR), causing the tau protein to lose its affinity for microtubules, leading to aggregation.
Cooperative Binding: Phosphorylation at one site can sometimes prime or enhance phosphorylation at nearby sites within the same binding domain, facilitating the clustering of multiple phosphates.

In summary, the high concentration of potential sites in specific domains makes it likely that multiple phosphate groups reside in the same or closely positioned areas, directly causing the conformational changes that lead to pathology.

Order of binding	Receptor	Ligand	Affinity	Pocket ID	Residues that formed the binding pocket	Presence of SER, THR, TYR
1	Tau19C	PO4	-2.888	receptor_Tau19C_4	VAL-604 GLN-605 SER-606 CYS-608 GLY-609 LYS-611 ASP-612	SER-606
2	Tau19C	PO4	-2.776	receptor_Tau19C_2	ASP-270 PHE-271 LEU-272 SER-273 LYS-274 VAL-275	SER-273
3	Tau19C	PO4	-2.461	receptor_Tau19C_2	ASP-270 PHE-271 LEU-272 SER-273 LYS-274 VAL-275	SER-273
4	Tau19C	PO4	-2.359	receptor_Tau19C_4	VAL-604 GLN-605 SER-606 CYS-608 GLY-609 LYS-611 ASP-612	SER-606
5	Tau19C	PO4	-2.487	receptor_Tau19C_4	VAL-604 GLN-605 SER-606 CYS-608 GLY-609 LYS-611 ASP-612	SER-606
6	Tau19C	PO4	-2.614	receptor_Tau19C_4	VAL-604 GLN-605 SER-606 CYS-608 GLY-609 LYS-611 ASP-612	SER-606
7	Tau19C	PO4	-2.35	receptor_Tau19C_4	VAL-604 GLN-605 SER-606 CYS-608 GLY-609 LYS-611 ASP-612	SER-606
8	Tau19C	PO4	-2.027	receptor_Tau19C_11	ARG-538 GLU-539 PRO-540 LYS-541
9	Tau19C	PO4	-2.121	receptor_Tau19C_11	ARG-538 GLU-539 PRO-540 LYS-541